Large Hadron Collider

The standard model of studying particle physics is surrounded with several issues in the wake of the anticipated entry of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Particle physicists are not sure whether LHC will challenge or add to the standard model used to study particle physics presently.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Large Hadron Collider specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, LHC might explain the some controversial macrocosmic issues like dark matter in the universe. Moreover, the Higgs hypothesis of massive W and Z bosons appearing the same way as massless photons might also get answer. Nevertheless, these postulations are surrounded by numerous questions, ambiguity, and assumptions and this is what John Ellis tackles in his paper Beyond the Standard Model with the LHC. To date, physicists have only managed to define matter using the standard model of particle analysis, which raises many questions but answers few about pertinent issues like mass differences between matter and antimatter among other cosmological issues. LHC is expected to offer answers to some of these questions; however, physicists agree that for theoretical calculations at lower-energy accelerators to yield meaningful results that agree with the standard model, there has to be an unknown ingredient that is yet to be observed – the Higgs boson. Therefore, the greatest question here is, can physicists find the Higgs boson? The chances of finding the Higgs boson particle are high. This elementary cum composite particle is thought to have mass of 114 GeV. In the standard model, symmetry is already broken into vacuum, the lowest energy state. Physicists argue that just the same way a quantum particle associates with electromagnetic field, a photon in this vacuum has a particle that associates with it (the Higgs boson) whereby the photon gives masses to others and remain massless itself. If the postulated weigh t of this Higgs boson is 114 GeV, then the LHC will establish it provided its weight be below 200 GeV. Nevertheless, there raises the question of whether, the Higgs boson particle is elementary or composite. This leads to the hierarchy problem in which some physicists believe there is other physics beyond the standard model. The answer to this question seems to favour a composite Higgs boson. Two arguments support this postulation viz. the supersymmetric solution and possibility of extra dimensions.Advertising Looking for assessment on natural sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In supersymmetric postulation, fermions like leptons and quacks pair up to form ordinary matter with bosons like W and Z or gluons, which carry forces between the matter particles that could be the Higgs boson thus making it a composite particle. On the other side, the possibility of extra dimensions of space not the conventional three dimensions is high. There is a probability that there are other small dimensions, which are curled up but too minute to be seen. Nevertheless, the LHC is expected to be able to detect the extra dimensions where the Higgs boson is thought move in space. The final question in this LHC machine is whether it will solve the problem of matter-antimatter riddle. Presently, the small differences between matter and antimatter can be used to explain origin of matter in the universe but only to scales that the standard model can allow which are insufficient to generate the matter observed in the universe. However, the LHC has a TeV scale that will reveal this deficit. Nevertheless, even with high hopes of the LHC discovering the Higgs boson, there remains questions of whether its coupling of matter and antimatter would be the same among other questions like the origin of matter in the universe. The biggest setback of this LHC is the long time the accelerator is expected to take before it reaches its nom inal collision rate. In summation, there is hope and realization of LHC would herald redefinition of physics. Reference List Ellis, J 2007, â€Å"Beyond the Standard Model with the LHC†, Nature, vol. 448, pp. 297-304. This assessment on Large Hadron Collider was written and submitted by user Ser Duncan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Neal and Jesse Eldridge essays

Neal and Jesse Eldridge essays Neal and Jesse Eldridge are two young men on trial. For over ten years, they suffered severe physical, emotional, and psychological abuse at the hands of their father. It ended the day they shot and killed him. Now Neal and Jesse are charged, as adults, with first degree murder; they face the possibility of life in prison. All this because Arkansas Department of Health Services, DHS, did nothing to step in and save these young lives. On January 24th, 1998, Rick Eldridge was supposed to take his sons, Neal and Jesse, to Buckarama, a deer hunting show at the Little Rock Expo Center. Before they left that morning, Rick caught the two teens smoking cigarettes. He told them they could not go to Buckarama(Neal Abuse Tragedy 1), then tried to suffocate them. Neal said his father picked him up and threw him head first into a wall (Haddigan 1). As he left, Rick told Neal and Jesse that when he returned he would beat them to death. He also gave them an impossible list of household chores to do before he returned, and said that he would kill them if they didnt. Fearing for their lives, the boys, ages 14 and 15 at the time, decided they had to protect their mother and sisters, as well as themselves, from the monster they called Dad. So the brothers loaded their .22-caliber, semi-automatic, Marlin rifles. Jesse stood behind the corner of the familys house, and Neal stood atop a shed next to the house. When Rick got out of his truck, the boys began to fire. Jesse shot once, but he lost his nerve and lowered his aim to his fathers legs(Neal 1). Neal shot four more times aiming for Ricks head and neck. They then retreated into the wooded area near the house and unloaded their rifles(Shull 1). ...

Sherma- Anti- Trust Act (1890) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sherma- Anti- Trust Act (1890) - Essay Example Prior to the enactment of the Sherman Act, large corporations had more powers and were controlling the smaller corporations through price discrimination and price fixing. This led to unbalanced and unfair competition and hence the need to control the activities of the trusts. For instance, one of the reasons why farmers in Missouri farmers agitated for the formulation and enactment of an antitrust law was the fact that most of them were being underpriced by larger and more efficient farms. Sherman Act enabled individuals to start to their own businesses and it provided a perfect environment for business competition as it eliminated monopoly in the market (Koutsoudakis,pg.6). The penalties for violating Sherman Antitrust Act or law entail both criminal and civil penalties. Individuals or corporation that has been found to commit, attempt or conspire to monopolize trade is liable to criminal or civil penalties because they are deemed to have committed felony. If a person has been found to be guilty of violating the Sherman Antitrust Act, a fine of up to $350,000 may be imposed on them or they can liable to face up to three years in prison. On the other hand, corporations that violate the Act can face a fine of up to $10,000,000. Furthermore, the government has been granted the power to seize any property of an individual or corporations that engage in unlawful trade practice that run contrary to the Sherman Act (Koutsoudakis,pg.8). Section seven (7) of the Sherman Act grant every citizen the right to file for a prosecution at any court in the United States and the entitlement for a remedy or compensation. The import of this section is that it gives ordinary citizens the chance of receiving justice without travelling long distances to circuit court of the United States. Question Two William Edward Burghardt Du Bois is one of the prominent African-American intellectual leader who is renowned for the championing of black civil rights. Most of his writings and speech es were aimed at redeeming and uplifting the life of black people in the society. The opinion of W.E.B Du Bois on the Reconstruction Era: â€Å"The slave went free: stood a brief moment in the sun; then moved back again towards slavery† has significant undertones that can be analyzed. The first part of the quote represents the end of slavery that had plagued United States for a long time. Although United States was founded on the precepts and promise of political freedom, individual liberty and freedom and economic prosperity, the same was not realized during the initial stages of its democracy and independence. After independence, slavery was widespread in United States despite the notion that the nation committed to uphold equality of all men and to get powers to rule and govern from the people (Campbell, Fraser and Mancall,pg.80). Slavery was rooted in America and majority of states from the south were composed mainly of slaves. The emergence of civil war that majorly revo lved around slavery brought some changes in United States. The Civil war led to the abolishment of the slavery in United States and this is what W.E.B Du Bois refers to in the first part of his opinion. The Second part of W.E.B Du Bois opinion represents the period after the civil war and the initial stages of the reconstruction era. Most of the Southern States got temporal reprieve when slavery was abolished and this is what